CGIP: Managing Consumer Generated Intellectual Property

Two related trends characterize the recent past: value propositions are migrating from the physical to the informational, and value creation is shifting from firms to consumers. These two trends meet in the phenomenon of “consumer-generated intellectual property” (CGIP). This article addresses the question: “How should firms manage the intellectual property that their customers create?” It explores how CGIP presents important dilemmas for managers and argues that consumers’ “intellectual property” should not be leveraged at the expense of their “emotional property.” It integrates these perspectives into a diagnostic framework and discusses eight strategies for firms to manage CGIP

10 Years of Object-Oriented Analysis on H1

Over a decade ago, the H1 Collaboration decided to embrace the object-oriented paradigm and completely redesign its data analysis model and data storage format. The event data model, based on the RooT framework, consists of three layers - tracks and calorimeter clusters, identified particles and finally event summary data - with a singleton class providing unified access. This original solution was then augmented with a fourth layer containing user-defined objects. This contribution will summarise the history of the solutions used, from modifications to the original design, to the evolution of the high-level end-user analysis object framework which is used by H1 today. Several important issues are addressed - the portability of expert knowledge to increase the efficiency of data analysis, the flexibility of the framework to incorporate new analyses, the performance and ease of use, and lessons learned for future projects.Comment: 14th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Researc

Etude du comportement paramagnétique des actinides (IV) (Th, U, Np et Pu) en solution en présence de ligands

International audienceLa spectroscopie RMN est une technique capable de fournir des informations structurales sur des complexes métalliques en solution. Elle peut être appliquée à l’analyse de petites molécules en chimie organique, de protéines (macros molécules) en biologie mais aussi en chimie nucléaire avec la nucléarisation des spectromètres [1]. La présence d’un Actinide (An), avec des électrons 5f non appariés, génère une modification du spectre RMN (un élargissement et/ou une variation du déplacement chimique des pics) caractéristique du paramagnétisme du cation.Dans le cas des complexes paramagnétiques de Ln$^{III}$ (éléments 4$f$), le déplacement chimique total $\Delta _{TOT}$ est modélisé par l’équation de Bleaney (équations (a) et (b)) [2]. Il dépend du déplacement chimique paramagnétique induit $\delta _{para}$ qui peut être décomposé en deux contributions : un terme de contact $\delta _{cont}$ (délocalisation de l’électron $f$ sur l’atome donneur du ligand) et un terme dipolaire $\delta _{dip}$ (interaction entre le spin électronique et nucléaire à travers l’espace). A partir de ce dernier terme, on peut déduire des informations structurales en utilisant les constantes de Bleaney

A splitting approach for the fully nonlinear and weakly dispersive Green-Naghdi model

The fully nonlinear and weakly dispersive Green-Naghdi model for shallow water waves of large amplitude is studied. The original model is first recast under a new formulation more suitable for numerical resolution. An hybrid finite volume and finite difference splitting approach is then proposed. The hyperbolic part of the equations is handled with a high-order finite volume scheme allowing for breaking waves and dry areas. The dispersive part is treated with a classical finite difference approach. Extensive numerical validations are then performed in one horizontal dimension, relying both on analytical solutions and experimental data. The results show that our approach gives a good account of all the processes of wave transformation in coastal areas: shoaling, wave breaking and run-up

Considerations for the design and conduct of human gut microbiota intervention studies relating to foods

With the growing appreciation for the influence of the intestinal microbiota on human health, there is increasing motivation to design and refine interventions to promote favorable shifts in the microbiota and their interactions with the host. Technological advances have improved our understanding and ability to measure this indigenous population and the impact of such interventions. However, the rapid growth and evolution of the field, as well as the diversity of methods used, parameters measured and populations studied, make it difficult to interpret the significance of the findings and translate their outcomes to the wider population. This can prevent comparisons across studies and hinder the drawing of appropriate conclusions. This review outlines considerations to facilitate the design, implementation and interpretation of human gut microbiota intervention studies relating to foods based upon our current understanding of the intestinal microbiota, its functionality and interactions with the human host. This includes parameters associated with study design, eligibility criteria, statistical considerations, characterization of products and the measurement of compliance. Methodologies and markers to assess compositional and functional changes in the microbiota, following interventions are discussed in addition to approaches to assess changes in microbiota-host interactions and host responses. Last, EU legislative aspects in relation to foods and health claims are presented. While it is appreciated that the field of gastrointestinal microbiology is rapidly evolving, such guidance will assist in the design and interpretation of human gut microbiota interventional studies relating to foods.Peer reviewe